Insulin–likegrowthfactor2 (IGF2) protects against Huntington’s disease through the extracellular disposal of protein aggregates
by Kayla
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Impaired neuronal proteostasis is a prominent feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the changes in the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We previously reported that targets the transcription factor XBP1, a key mediator of ER stress response, delay progression of the disease and reduce aggregation of the protein in a variety of models of neurodegeneration.
To identify modifiers of disease genes that may explain the neuroprotective effects XBP1 deficiency, we performed gene expression profiling of the cerebral cortex and striatum of these animals and revealed insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a major upregulated genes. Here, we studied the impact of IGF2 signaling in protein aggregation in the model of Huntington’s disease (HD) as a proof of concept.
cell culture studies showed that treatment IGF2 reduce the burden of mutant huntingtin aggregates intracellularly and the peptide Polyglutamine. These results were validated using induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) -derived medium spiny neurons of HD patients and cases of degenerative neurological diseases. Decreased levels of the mutant huntingtin protein is associated with a decrease in intracellular half-life. Decreased levels of the abnormal protein aggregation induced by IGF2 independent of autophagy activity and proteasome pathway, two major route clearance for mutant huntingtin.
Instead, IGF2 signaling increases the secretion of soluble mutant huntingtin species via exosomes and microvesicles involve changes in actin dynamics. Administration of IGF2 in HD mouse brain using gene therapy led to a significant reduction in the level of mutant huntingtin in three different animal models. In addition, analysis of postmortem brain tissue and human blood samples from HD patients showed decreased levels of IGF2. This study identifies factors that are relevant IGF2 as deregulation in HD, operates as a disease modifier that buffer accumulation of abnormal protein species.
Insulin–likegrowthfactor2 (IGF2) protects against Huntington’s disease through the extracellular disposal of protein aggregates
Effect of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on a body mass index of early childhood through the influence of epigenetics on insulin – like growth factor < em> 2 receptor (IGF two R) gene Objective: epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in the link between exposure to the womb to bisphenol A (BPA) and childhood obesity; However, there is little evidence of this mechanism in humans.
We obtained data on obesity-associated CpG sites of epigenome-wide association study beforehand, and then examined whether methylation at CpG sites affected by prenatal exposure to BPA. We then evaluated the relationship between CpG methylation status and body mass index (BMI) in a prospective cohort of children at ages 2, 4, 6 and 8 years old.
Methods: The methylation profile of 59 children analyzed longitudinally at the age of 2 and 6 years using human Infinium Methylation BeadChip. A total of 594 CpG sites known to BMI or obesity-related sites were tested for association with prenatal BPA levels, are categorized into low and high exposure group based on the 80 percentile of maternal BPA levels (2.68 mg / g creatinine), followed by an analysis of the relationship between DNA methylation and BMI from ages 2-8.
Results: There was a significant increase in the level of methylation cg19196862 (IGF2R) at high BPA group at the age of 2 years (p = 0.00030, false discovery rate corrected p <0.10) but not at age 6. By one standard deviation increase in methylation The cg19196862 (IGF2R) at the age of 2 years, a linear mixed model analysis revealed that BMI for age 2-8 years significantly increased 0.49 (95% confidence interval; 0.08, 0.90) in girls, but not in boys.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human)
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with PE.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with PE.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with APC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Cy3
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), FITC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with FITC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), HRP
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with HRP.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), APC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with APC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), Cy3
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), FITC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with FITC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), HRP
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with HRP.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC-Cy7
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), APC-Cy7
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Biotinylated
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), Biotinylated
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGF2-BP2 from Human. This IGF2-BP2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGF2-BP2 at AA rangle: 110-190
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGF2-BP2 from Human. This IGF2-BP2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGF2-BP2 at AA rangle: 110-190
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGF2-BP2 from Human. This IGF2-BP2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGF2-BP2 at AA rangle: 110-190
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the non-phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the non-phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the non-phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP7 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP7 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human IGFBP7 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP7 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP7 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human IGFBP7 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP7 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP7 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human IGFBP7 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP3
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP3
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This IGFBP3 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP3
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP1 from Human. This IGFBP1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP6 from Human. This IGFBP6 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP6
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP6 from Human. This IGFBP6 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP6
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP6 from Human. This IGFBP6 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human IGFBP6
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP5 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGF-BP5 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP3 (S183). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGF2BP3 - middle region. This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP5 (Center). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody against IGF2BP2. Recognizes IGF2BP2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against IGF2BP2. Recognizes IGF2BP2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against IGF2BP2. Recognizes IGF2BP2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:20-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against IGF2BP2. Recognizes IGF2BP2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP6 (C-term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP4 (N-term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP1 (C-Term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP6 (Internal). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) from Human, Mouse. This IGFBP3 phospho Ser183) antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human IGFBP3 around the phosphorylation site of S183
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against IGFBP3 (phospho Ser183) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against IGFBP3 (phospho Ser183) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Rabbit Anti Human Igfbp-7 Polyclonal Antibody,Biotin
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP7 - C-terminal region. This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP7 (aa194-207) (internal region). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP7 (aa145-159) (internal region). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human IGFBP1 (aa156-170) (internal region). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with PE.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with APC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Cy3
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), FITC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with FITC.
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), HRP
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with HRP.
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.
Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat)
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 (IGFBP6)
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The indirect effect of prenatal BPA exposure during early childhood through methylation cg19196862 BMI (IGF2R) at the age of 2 years of marginal significance.
